| Type-safe ORM for Cloudflare D1 databases using Drizzle. Use when: building D1 database schemas, writing type-safe SQL queries, managing migrations with Drizzle Kit, defining table relations, implementing prepared statements, using D1 batch API, or encountering D1_ERROR, transaction errors, foreig

Drizzle ORM for Cloudflare D1 Status : Production Ready ✅ Last Updated : 2025 12 14 Latest Version : drizzle orm@0.45.2, drizzle kit@0.31.10 Dependencies : cloudflare d1, cloudflare worker base Quick Start (10 Minutes) 1. Install Drizzle 2. Configure Drizzle Kit Create drizzle.config.ts : drizzle kit 0.30/0.31 note : dialect and dbCredentials are now strictly validated. A config that omits dialect or uses the old connectionString / uri keys will fail validation. For D1 use dialect: 'sqlite' + driver: 'd1 http' with accountId / databaseId / token (or wrangler based credentials). The runtime migrate() signature in drizzle orm/<driver /migrator is unchanged from 0.36 → 0.45 (it changes only in 1.0 beta, which is out of scope for ^0.45 ). 3. Define Schema Create src/db/schema.ts : 4. Generate & Apply Migrations 5. Query in Worker Critical Rules Always Do Rule Why Use drizzle kit generate for migrations Never write SQL manually Test migrations locally first local before remote Use .get() for single results Returns first row or undefined Use db.batch() for transactions D1 doesn't support SQL BEGIN/COMMIT Use integer with mode: 'timestamp' for dates D1 has no native date type Use .$defaultFn() for dynamic defaults Not .default() for functions Never Do Rule Why Use SQL BEGIN TRANSACTION D1 requires batch API (Error 1) Mix drizzle kit migrate and wrangler apply Use Wrangler only Use drizzle kit push for production Use generate + apply Commit credentials in drizzle.config.ts Use env vars Use .default() for function calls Use .$defaultFn() instead Top 5 Critical Errors Error Solution 1 D1 ERROR: Cannot use BEGIN TRANSACTION Use db.batch([...]) instead of db.transaction() 2 FOREIGN KEY constraint failed Define cascading: .references(() = users.id, { onDelete: 'cascade' }) 3 env.DB is undefined Ensure binding in wrangler.jsonc matches env.DB 4 No such module "wrangler" Use import { drizzle } from 'drizzle orm/d1' 5 Type instantiation excessively deep Use InferSelectModel<typeof users for explicit types See : references/error catalog.md for all 12 errors with complete solutions. Common Patterns Summary Pattern Use Case Template CRUD Operations Basic database operations templates/basic queries.ts Relations & Joins Nested queries, manual joins templates/relations queries.ts Batch Operations Transactions (D1 batch API) templates/transactions.ts Schema Design Naming, indexes, soft deletes references/schema patterns.md Configuration Summary File Purpose Template drizzle.config.ts Drizzle Kit configuration templates/drizzle.config.ts wrangler.jsonc D1 binding setup references/wrangler setup.md package.json npm scripts for migrations templates/package.json npm scripts: Migration Workflow Step Command Notes 1. Edit schema Edit src/db/schema.ts Make changes 2. Generate npm run db:generate Creates SQL migration 3. Test local npm run db:migrate:local Verify locally 4. Deploy code npm run deploy Push to Cloudflare 5. Apply prod npm run db:migrate:remote Apply migration See : references/migration workflow.md for complete workflow. TypeScript Type Inference When to Load References Reference Load When... references/error catalog.md Debugging D1 errors, transaction failures, binding issues references/schema patterns.md Designing schemas, naming conventions, indexes, soft deletes references/migration workflow.md Setting up or troubleshooting migrations references/query builder api.md Complex queries, operators, joins syntax references/wrangler setup.md Configuring wrangler.jsonc for D1 references/common errors.md Quick error lookup Bundled Resources Templates : basic schema.ts , basic queries.ts , transactions.ts , relations queries.ts , prepared statements.ts , drizzle.config.ts , package.json References : error catalog.md , schema patterns.md , migration workflow.md , query builder api.md , wrangler setup.md , common errors.md , links to official docs.md Dependencies Secure Installation When installing Drizzle ORM and D1 driver packages, follow supply chain security best practices: Block post install scripts — npm config set ignore scripts true (or Bun: disabled by default) Cooldown period — Wait 7 days for new package versions to be vetted by the community Audit before installing — Run socket package score npm <pkg or use socket npm install <pkg to check packages Load the dependency upgrade skill for full security configuration including Socket CLI integration, cooldown setup, lockfile validation, and CI enforcement. Official Documentation Drizzle ORM : https://orm.drizzle.team/ Drizzle with D1 : https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/connect cloudflare d1 Drizzle Kit : https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/kit overview GitHub : https://github.com/drizzle team/drizzle orm Token Savings : ~65% (comprehensive patterns in references) Error Prevention : 100% (all 12 documented issues) Ready for production! ✅

drizzle-orm-d1