subagent-driven-development
Use when executing implementation plans with independent tasks in the current session
By obra · 202,722 installs
npx skills add obra/superpowers --skill subagent-driven-development
Source repository · Upstream listing
Subagent Driven Development
Execute plan by dispatching a fresh implementer subagent per task, a task review (spec compliance + code quality) after each, and a broad whole branch review at the end.
Why subagents: You delegate tasks to specialized agents with isolated context. By precisely crafting their instructions and context, you ensure they stay focused and succeed at their task. They should never inherit your session's context or history — you construct exactly what they need. This also preserves your own context for coordination work.
Core principle: Fresh subagent per task + task review (spec + quality) + broad final review = high quality, fast iteration
Narration: between tool calls, narrate at most one short line — the
ledger and the tool results carry the record.
Continuous execution: Do not pause to check in with your human partner between tasks. Execute all tasks from the plan without stopping. The only reasons to stop are the four named below, or all tasks complete. "Should I continue?" prompts and progress summaries waste their time — they asked you to execute the plan, so execute it.
Rulings, not stalls. A running plan does not wait on a human. Conflicts,
ambiguities, plan defects, a cap you would have asked to exceed — decide
them. The spec is the binding authority, the plan is its argument, and your
judgment settles what neither answers. Record every decision in the ledger as
Ruling: <what you decided — <why — <what it costs if wrong , and keep
going. A wrong ruling costs rework your human partner can see and undo; a
session parked on a question costs their whole day and buys nothing.
Four things stop you, and only these: an irreversible or destructive
operation; a security sensitive action; a side effect outside this worktree
that norms say you ask about first (a merge, a push to a shared branch, a
publish); and a plan so broken that every path forward is a guess. For those,
stop and ask.
When to Use
vs. Executing Plans (parallel session):
Same session (no context switch)
Fresh subagent per task (no context pollution)
Review after each task (spec compliance + code quality), broad review at the end
Faster iteration (no human in loop between tasks)
The Process
Setup
Ensure the work happens in an isolated workspace: use
superpowers:using git worktrees to create one or verify the existing one.
Never start implementation on a main/master branch without your human
partner's explicit consent.
Conversation memory does not survive compaction. In real sessions,
controllers that lost their place have re dispatched entire completed task
sequences — the single most expensive failure observed. Track progress in
a ledger file, not only in todos.
Each plan owns a workspace: at skill start, run this skill's
scripts/sdd workspace PLAN FILE — it prints the plan's git ignored
directory ( <repo root /.superpowers/sdd/<plan basename / ), home to
every artifact for THIS plan: ledger, briefs, reports, review packages.
Another plan's directory is never yours to read or write.
Check for this plan's ledger at <workspace /progress.md . If its first
line names your plan file, tasks with a Task <N : complete line are DONE
— do not re dispatch them; resume at the first task without one. A task
whose last line is a fix round is mid loop: resume the loop at the next
round. A ledger whose first line names a different plan file — or a stray
ledger at the old flat path .superpowers/sdd/progress.md — is another
plan's progress: leave it in place and start your own, fresh.
Create the ledger with its identity as the first line:
SDD ledger — plan: <plan file path .
The ledger is your recovery map: the commits it names exist in git even
when your context no longer remembers creating them. After compaction,
trust the ledger and git log over your own recollection.
git clean fdx will destroy the workspace (it's git ignored scratch); if
that happens, recover from git log .
Read the plan once, note its context and Global Constraints, and create a
todo per task. If the plan names a Spec, read that too: the spec is the
authority the plan argues from, and conflicts inside the plan resolve
against it. A plan with no reachable spec gets a ledger note saying so —
rulings made without one are provisional.
Before dispatching Task 1, scan the plan once for conflicts, writing down
what you checked as you check it:
tasks that contradict each other or the plan's Global Constraints
anything the plan explicitly mandates that the review rubric treats as a
defect (a test that asserts nothing, verbatim duplication of a logic block)
The scan's output is a table, not a verdict. One row for every pair of tasks
that share a file or an interface: the two tasks, what one produces against
what the other consumes, and what you found. One row for every task: whether
its own text agrees with itself — the tests it specifies against the code it
specifies, the files it creates against the files it later touches. "The scan
is clean" without those rows is not a scan you ran.
Write the table to the ledger. Rule on everything you find before execution
begins — each finding against the plan text that mandates it — and record
each ruling in the ledger. If the scan is clean, proceed without comment.
Rule on each conflict it surfaces — the spec is the binding authority, the
plan is its argument — record the ruling beside its row, and dispatch
Task 1. The review loop remains the net for conflicts that only emerge from
implementation.
Model Selection
Use the least powerful model that can handle each role to conserve cost and increase speed.
Mechanical implementation tasks (isolated functions, clear specs, 1 2 files): use a fast, cheap model. Most implementation tasks are mechanical when the plan is well specified.
Integration and judgment tasks (multi file coordination, pattern matching, debugging): use a standard model.
Architecture and design tasks : use the most capable available model.
The final whole branch review is one of these — dispatch it on the most
capable available model, not the session default.
Review tasks : choose the model with the same judgment, scaled to the
diff's size, complexity, and risk. A small mechanical diff does not need the
most capable model; a subtle concurrency change does. Scoped re reviews of
small fix diffs take a cheap to mid tier.
Fix loop escalation (rounds 4 5) : use a model at least one tier above
the implementer that got stuck.
Always specify the model explicitly when dispatching a subagent. An
omitted model inherits your session's model — often the most capable and
most expensive — which silently defeats this section.
Turn count beats token price. Wall clock and context cost scale with how
many turns a subagent takes, and the cheapest models routinely take 2 3× the
turns on multi step work — costing more overall. Use a mid tier model as the
floor for reviewers and for implementers working from prose descriptions.
When the task's plan text contains the complete code to write, the
implementation is transcription plus testing: use the cheapest tier for
that implementer. Single file mechanical fixes also take the cheapest tier.
Task complexity signals (implementation tasks):
Touches 1 2 files with a complete spec → cheap model
Touches multiple files with integration concerns → standard model
Requires design judgment or broad codebase understanding → most capable model
The Task Loop
Batch small same shape work. When the plan lists several tasks that are
each a small, independent edit of the same kind — the same one line fix,
constant change, or field addition repeated across files — do not dispatch
one subagent per task. Compose ONE dispatch brief listing every file and
its change, send the whole batch to a single subagent, and review its diff
as one unit. Reserve one dispatch per task for work that needs its own
judgment, its own tests, or its own review surface.
Everything you paste into a dispatch prompt — and everything a subagent
prints back — stays resident in your context for the rest of the session
and is re read on every later turn. Hand artifacts over as files.
Waiting on dispatched subagents: never poll a wait interface with
short timeouts, and never sit in one silent, open ended wait either.
While you have local work — ledger updates, packaging the next review,
reading reports — keep working; child results arrive on their own.
When you are genuinely idle, wait in bounded stretches (five to ten
minutes, where your platform allows), and between stretches post one
line of status and reconcile your live children: list them, and chase
any that finished without reporting. A bounded stretch keeps nearly
all of a long wait's efficiency while guaranteeing a stuck or lost
child is noticed within minutes, not at the end of the session.
1. Dispatch the implementer
Record BASE ( git rev parse HEAD ) before dispatching — the review package
and fix round diffs need it.
Task brief: before dispatching an implementer, run this skill's
scripts/task brief PLAN FILE N — it extracts the task's full text to a
uniquely named file and prints the path. Compose the dispatch so the
brief stays the single source of
requirements. Your dispatch should contain: (1) one line on where this
task fits in the project; (2) the brief path, introduced as "read this
first — it is your requirements, with the exact values to use verbatim";
(3) interfaces and decisions from earlier tasks that the brief cannot
know; (4) your resolution of any ambiguity you noticed in the brief;
(5) the report file path and report contract. Exact values (numbers,
magic strings, signatures, test cases) appear only in the brief. Never
make a subagent read the whole plan file.
Report file: name the implementer's report file after the brief
(brief …/task N brief.md → report …/task N report.md ) and put it in
the dispatch prompt. The implementer writes the full report there and
returns only status, commits, a one line test summary, and concerns.
A dispatch prompt describes one task, not the session's history. Do not
paste accumulated prior task summaries ("state after Tasks 1 3") into
later dispatches — a real session's dispatch hit 42k chars of which 99%
was pasted history. A fresh subagent needs its task, the interfaces it
touches, and the global constraints. Nothing else.
The dispatch carries the no subagents contract (it is in the
implementer template): the implementer never dispatches subagents —
not helpers, and never a reviewer. Review arrives from you, after the
report. In real sessions, every reviewer a worker spawned duplicated
the task review the controller dispatched anyway — a full extra
review seat per task.
If an earlier task parked a finding in the area this task touches, carry
a pointer to that ledger entry in the dispatch.
Record the implementer's agent identity from the dispatch result —
fix loop rounds 1 3 resume this agent.
Never dispatch multiple implementation subagents in parallel (conflicts).
Template: [implementer prompt.md](implementer prompt.md)
2. Handle the report
Implementer subagents report one of four statuses. Handle each appropriately:
DONE: Generate the review package ( scripts/review package PLAN FILE BASE HEAD , from this skill's directory — it prints the unique file path it wrote; BASE is the commit you recorded before dispatching the implementer — never HEAD~1 , which silently drops all but the last commit of a multi commit task), then dispatch the task reviewer with the printed path.
DONE WITH CONCERNS: The implementer completed the work but flagged doubts. Read the concerns before proceeding. If the concerns are about correctness or scope, address them before review. If they're observations (e.g., "this file is getting large"), note them and proceed to review.
NEEDS CO