Use when building cloud-native apps. Keywords: kubernetes, k8s, docker, container, grpc, tonic, microservice, service mesh, observability, tracing, metrics, health check, cloud, deployment, 云原生, 微服务, 容器

Cloud Native Domain Layer 3: Domain Constraints Domain Constraints → Design Implications Domain Rule Design Constraint Rust Implication 12 Factor Config from env Environment based config Observability Metrics + traces tracing + opentelemetry Health checks Liveness/readiness Dedicated endpoints Graceful shutdown Clean termination Signal handling Horizontal scale Stateless design No local state Container friendly Small binaries Release optimization Critical Constraints Stateless Design Graceful Shutdown Observability Trace Down ↓ From constraints to design (Layer 2): Key Crates Purpose Crate gRPC tonic Kubernetes kube, kube runtime Docker bollard Tracing tracing, opentelemetry Metrics prometheus, metrics Config config, figment Health HTTP endpoints Design Patterns Pattern Purpose Implementation gRPC services Service mesh tonic + tower K8s operators Custom resources kube runtime Controller Observability Debugging tracing + OTEL Health checks Orchestration /health , /ready Config 12 factor Env vars + secrets Code Pattern: Graceful Shutdown Health Check Pattern Common Mistakes Mistake Domain Violation Fix Local file state Not stateless External storage No SIGTERM handling Hard kills Graceful shutdown No tracing Can't debug tracing spans Static config Not 12 factor Env vars Trace to Layer 1 Constraint Layer 2 Pattern Layer 1 Implementation Stateless External state Arc<Client for external Graceful shutdown Signal handling tokio::signal Tracing Span lifecycle tracing + OTEL Health checks HTTP endpoints Dedicated routes Related Skills When See Async patterns m07 concurrency HTTP endpoints domain web Error handling m13 domain error Resource lifecycle m12 lifecycle

domain-cloud-native